gruffness
用法要点
句型搭配
常用于描述人的态度或声音，如 "his gruffness" 或 "with gruffness"，强调一种不友好的外在表现。
介词用法
常与介词 "with" 连用，表示伴随状态，如 "with gruffness"；也可用 "of" 表示所属，如 "the gruffness of his voice"。
语域说明
多用于书面或正式口语，描述负面特质，在商务或学术语境中可批评沟通方式，日常中则形容不友善行为。
基础例句
His gruffness scared the children, but he was actually very kind.
他的生硬态度吓到了孩子们，但他其实很善良。
She apologized for her gruffness earlier in the day.
她为白天时的粗鲁行为道了歉。
Despite his gruffness, he always helps his neighbors.
尽管他态度生硬，却总是帮助邻居。
The old man's gruffness hid a warm heart.
那位老人的粗鲁外表下藏着一颗温暖的心。
高级例句
In leadership studies, gruffness is often linked to ineffective communication styles.
在领导力研究中，生硬态度常与低效的沟通方式相关联。
The CEO's gruffness during meetings created a tense atmosphere in the boardroom.
CEO 在会议中的粗鲁举止使董事会氛围紧张。
Psychological analyses suggest that gruffness can be a defense mechanism in high-stress environments.
心理学分析表明，生硬态度可能是高压环境中的一种防御机制。
The professor's gruffness was misinterpreted as arrogance by new students.
教授的生硬作风被新生误解为傲慢。
高频搭配
verb
adjective
noun
adverb
preposition
phrase
常见错误
错误：误用名词 gruffness 修饰名词 personality。正确：应用形容词 gruff 直接修饰，gruffness 是名词，指生硬的特质本身。
错误：将名词 gruffness 误作副词使用。正确：应用介词短语 with gruffness 表示方式，gruffness 是名词，不能直接修饰动词。
近义词辨析
rudeness
Rudeness 更强调故意无礼或冒犯，而 gruffness 侧重声音或态度的生硬、冷淡，可能非故意。
His gruffness was just tiredness, but her rudeness was intentional disrespect.
brusqueness
Brusqueness 指简短、唐突的言行，常带匆忙感；gruffness 更强调低沉、粗哑的声音或冷漠态度。
Her brusqueness ended the call quickly, while his gruffness made the conversation uncomfortable.