microcephaly
用法要点
医学诊断与描述
在医疗语境中,该词常作为名词直接指代病症,或用于描述婴儿头围小于正常范围的情况。
病因关联
常与特定病毒、药物或遗传因素搭配,说明导致该病症的原因。
严重程度分级
常与形容词 severe, mild 或 moderate 连用,区分症状的轻重程度。
基础例句
The doctor noticed that the baby had microcephaly.
医生发现这个婴儿患有小头畸形。
Microcephaly is a condition where the head is smaller than normal.
小头畸形是一种头部小于正常的状况。
Some viruses can cause microcephaly in fetuses.
某些病毒可能导致胎儿出现小头畸形。
高级例句
The incidence of microcephaly has risen significantly in regions affected by the Zika outbreak.
受寨卡病毒爆发影响的地区,小头畸形的发病率显著上升。
Researchers are investigating the long-term cognitive impacts associated with congenital microcephaly.
研究人员正在调查先天性小头畸形相关的长期认知影响。
Early intervention is crucial for children born with severe forms of this developmental disorder.
对于患有这种发育障碍严重形式的儿童,早期干预至关重要。
高频搭配
adjective
verb
noun
phrase
常见错误
医学上更倾向于称其为'状况 (condition)'或'障碍 (disorder)',而非笼统的'disease',因为它是发育异常而非感染性传染病。
microcephaly 本身已包含'小头'的含义,前面再加'small head'属于语义重复。
近义词辨析
macrocephaly
指大头畸形,即头部异常增大,与 microcephaly(小头)完全相反。
Unlike the case of microcephaly, this infant presented with macrocephaly.
hydrocephalus
指脑积水,是由于脑脊液积聚导致头部增大,而 microcephaly 是脑组织发育不足导致头部变小。
Hydrocephalus involves fluid buildup, whereas microcephaly involves a lack of brain tissue.