[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":107},["ShallowReactive",2],{"word-phrenological":3},{"source":4,"data":5,"quality_score":105,"lastmod":106},"static_word_details",{"lemma":6,"phonetic":7,"pos":9,"definition_zh":11,"usage_points":12,"collocations":31,"examples_basic":59,"examples_advanced":69,"common_mistakes":79,"synonyms_nuance":88,"diff_pairs":97,"word_family":101},"phrenological",{"us":8,"uk":8},".frenә'lɒdʒikl",[10],"形容词","形容词，意为“颅相学的”，指通过观察头骨形状来推测性格或智力特征的科学。",[13,19,25],{"title":14,"content":15,"examples":16},"描述伪科学理论","该词常用于描述一种已被现代科学界摒弃的伪科学理论，即认为大脑不同区域对应特定性格特质，且可通过头骨凸起判断。",[17,18],"The phrenological theory claimed that personality traits could be determined by the shape of the skull.","Many 19th-century scientists believed in phrenological methods to assess criminal tendencies.",{"title":20,"content":21,"examples":22},"修饰相关名词","常作为定语修饰与颅相学相关的工具、理论或实践，如仪器、图表等。",[23,24],"The museum displayed a collection of phrenological instruments used in the Victorian era.","Phrenological charts were popular among fortune tellers and self-help authors.",{"title":26,"content":27,"examples":28},"历史语境中的使用","多用于历史讨论，描述 19 世纪至 20 世纪初的心理学或医学背景下的特定现象。",[29,30],"Phrenological societies once flourished in Europe and America before being discredited.","The phrenological movement influenced early ideas about brain function.",[32,40,47,53],{"type":33,"items":34},"noun",[35,36,37,38,39],"phrenological theory","phrenological practice","phrenological instrument","phrenological chart","phrenological museum",{"type":41,"items":42},"adjective",[43,44,45,46],"phrenological approach","phrenological belief","phrenological method","phrenological science",{"type":48,"items":49},"verb",[50,51,52],"practice phrenology","study phrenology","promote phrenology",{"type":54,"items":55},"preposition",[56,57,58],"based on phrenology","according to phrenology","through phrenology",[60,63,66],{"en":61,"zh":62},"Phrenological readings were once popular in the United States.","颅相学解读曾在美国非常流行。",{"en":64,"zh":65},"The phrenological instrument was used to measure skull bumps.","这种颅相学仪器用于测量头骨凸起。",{"en":67,"zh":68},"Many people believed in phrenological predictions about their future.","许多人相信颅相学对未来命运的预测。",[70,73,76],{"en":71,"zh":72},"Critics argued that the phrenological approach lacked empirical evidence and scientific rigor.","批评者指出，颅相学方法缺乏实证依据和科学严谨性。",{"en":74,"zh":75},"The decline of phrenological societies coincided with the rise of modern neuroscience.","颅相学会的衰落与现代神经科学的兴起同步发生。",{"en":77,"zh":78},"Although discredited, phrenological ideas persisted in popular culture for decades.","尽管已被证伪，颅相学的思想在流行文化中持续了数十年。",[80,84],{"wrong":81,"right":82,"explanation":83},"The phrenology is a valid scientific method.","Phrenology is considered a pseudoscience by modern standards.","颅相学在现代科学标准下被视为伪科学，不应使用'valid scientific method'（有效的科学方法）来描述。",{"wrong":85,"right":86,"explanation":87},"He studied phrenological psychology.","He studied phrenology as a historical practice.","'Phrenological psychology' 不是标准搭配，应直接说研究颅相学这一历史实践。",[89,93],{"word":90,"difference":91,"example":92},"physiognomical","physiognomical 更侧重于通过面部特征判断性格，而 phrenological 特指通过头骨形状判断。","Physiognomical analysis focused on facial expressions, whereas phrenological readings examined skull contours.",{"word":94,"difference":95,"example":96},"psychometric","psychometric 涉及心理测量工具（如 IQ 测试），而 phrenological 是一种过时的、非科学的理论。","Modern psychometric tests are based on statistical data, unlike the unscientific phrenological claims.",[98,99,100],"phrenology vs physiognomy","phrenological vs psychological","pseudoscience vs science",[102,103,104],"phrenology","phrenologist","phrenologically",80,"2026-03-27T17:02:33.633Z",1784307042661]