词汇对比与辨析

核心差别

phonemic 强调音位的,phonetic 则侧重phonetic 是一个形容词

使用场景对比

对比方面phonemicphonetic
核心含义音位的;音素的,指与语音系统中最小有区别性单位(音位)相关的,常用于语言学领域。phonetic 是一个形容词,指与语音或语音学相关的,用于描述声音的发音、表示或差异。
词性形容词形容词
使用语域通常用作定语形容词,修饰名词,描述与音位或音素相关的事物,如音位系统、音位分析等。常用于修饰名词,如 phonetic transcription(音标转写)、phonetic analysis(语音分析),或作为表语,如 The system is phonetic(这个系统是语音的)。

对比例句

phonemic

In English, the sounds /p/ and /b/ are phonemic because they distinguish words like 'pat' and 'bat'.

在英语中,/p/和/b/是音位,因为它们能区分像'pat'和'bat'这样的词。

phonemic

Children need to develop phonemic awareness to learn how to read effectively.

孩子们需要发展音位意识,以有效学习阅读。

phonetic

In English class, we learned the phonetic alphabet to improve pronunciation.

在英语课上,我们学习了音标字母来提高发音。

phonetic

The dictionary includes phonetic symbols for each word to help with reading.

这本词典为每个单词都包含了音标符号,以帮助阅读。

常见误用提醒

使用 phonemic:The phonemic of this word is hard to pronounce. → The phonemic transcription of this word is hard to pronounce. (错误:'phonemic'是形容词,不能直接用作名词表示'音位标音'。正确:应使用'phonemic transcription'或类似名词短语。)

使用 phonemic:She has good phonemic skills in listening. → She has good phonemic awareness skills in listening. (错误:'phonemic'单独使用不完整,可能被误解。正确:应指定为'phonemic awareness'或'phonemic perception'等具体术语,以准确描述语言能力。)

使用 phonetic:I need to learn the phonetic of this word. → I need to learn the phonetic transcription of this word. (错误:phonetic 是形容词,不能直接用作名词表示“音标”。正确:应使用名词短语如 phonetic transcription 或 phonetic symbols。)