词汇对比与辨析

核心差别

punitive 强调punitive 是一个形容词,disciplinary 则侧重disciplinary 是一个形容词

使用场景对比

对比方面punitivedisciplinary
核心含义punitive 是一个形容词,指与惩罚或刑罚相关的,常用于描述旨在施加惩罚的行为、措施或法律。disciplinary 是一个形容词,指与训练、纪律或惩戒相关的,常用于描述组织、措施或行为。
词性形容词、名词形容词
使用语域punitive 通常用作定语形容词,修饰名词如措施、法律、行动等,表示这些事物具有惩罚性质。常用于修饰名词,如 disciplinary action(纪律处分)、disciplinary measures(惩戒措施),或与介词搭配如 disciplinary in nature(具有纪律性质)。

对比例句

punitive

The teacher gave him a punitive assignment for not doing his homework.

老师因为他没做作业,给了他一个惩罚性的任务。

punitive

The company faced punitive fines for violating environmental regulations.

这家公司因违反环保规定而面临惩罚性罚款。

disciplinary

The school has strict disciplinary rules to ensure students behave well.

学校有严格的纪律规定,以确保学生行为良好。

disciplinary

If you break the rules, you might face disciplinary action from the manager.

如果你违反规定,可能会面临经理的纪律处分。

常见误用提醒

使用 punitive:He got a punitive for his mistake. → He faced punitive action for his mistake. (punitive 是形容词,不能直接用作名词。应使用名词短语如 punitive action 或 punitive measures 来表示惩罚性的事物。)

使用 punitive:The punishment was very punitive. → The punishment was severe. (punitive 本身已含有惩罚的意思,与 punishment 连用可能显得冗余。在描述惩罚的严厉程度时,使用 severe 或 harsh 更自然。)

使用 disciplinary:He received a disciplinary for being late. → He received disciplinary action for being late. (错误:disciplinary 是形容词,不能直接用作名词表示“处分”。正确:应使用名词短语如 disciplinary action 或 disciplinary measures。)