词汇对比与辨析

核心差别

capricious 强调形容人或事物行为、情绪或决定反复无常、多变且任性,erratic 则侧重形容行为、表现或事物不稳定、难以预测

使用场景对比

对比方面capriciouserratic
核心含义形容人或事物行为、情绪或决定反复无常、多变且任性,缺乏稳定性和可预测性。形容行为、表现或事物不稳定、难以预测,或指行为古怪、漂泊不定的人。
词性形容词形容词
使用语域常用于描述人或抽象概念(如天气、市场)的不可预测性,多作定语或表语,强调突然、无理由的变化。主要用作形容词,描述行为、表现、模式等不稳定、不规律或难以预测,常与名词搭配使用。

对比例句

capricious

My cat is so capricious—one minute she wants attention, the next she ignores me.

我的猫真是反复无常——一会儿想要关注,一会儿又无视我。

capricious

The weather here is capricious; it can be sunny in the morning and rainy by noon.

这里的天气多变;早上可能阳光明媚,中午就下雨了。

erratic

His driving has become erratic lately, which worries his family.

他最近的驾驶变得很不稳定,这让他的家人很担心。

erratic

The weather in spring is often erratic, with sudden changes from sunny to rainy.

春天的天气常常不稳定,会突然从晴天变成雨天。

常见误用提醒

使用 capricious:He is capricious to change his mind often. → He is capricious, often changing his mind. (错误用法中'to change'作为不定式不自然;正确用法用现在分词短语或从句描述行为,更符合英语习惯。)

使用 capricious:The capricious weather makes me feel capricious too. → The unpredictable weather affects my mood, making me feel unsettled. ('capricious'通常不直接用于描述人的临时情绪反应;正确用法用更具体的词如'unsettled',避免重复和误用。)

使用 erratic:He is very erratic person. → He is a very erratic person. (错误在于缺少冠词'a'。'erratic'作为形容词修饰名词'person'时,需要冠词'a'来构成完整的名词短语。)