词汇对比与辨析
核心差别
lugubrious 强调形容人或事物表现出极度忧郁、悲伤或阴郁的样子,melancholy 则侧重melancholy 指一种深沉、持久的忧郁或悲伤情绪
使用场景对比
| 对比方面 | lugubrious | melancholy |
|---|---|---|
| 核心含义 | 形容人或事物表现出极度忧郁、悲伤或阴郁的样子,常带有夸张或戏剧性的意味。 | melancholy 指一种深沉、持久的忧郁或悲伤情绪,常带有沉思或诗意的色彩,既可作为名词表示这种状态,也可作为形容词描述人或事物。 |
| 词性 | 形容词 | 形容词、名词 |
| 使用语域 | 通常用作定语或表语,描述人或事物的状态,强调一种沉重、阴郁的氛围。 | melancholy 可作名词和形容词,作名词时不可数,表示忧郁情绪;作形容词时描述人或事物,如 a melancholy mood。 |
对比例句
After hearing the bad news, he wore a lugubrious expression all day.
听到坏消息后,他一整天都带着忧郁的表情。
The old man told a lugubrious story about his lost youth.
那位老人讲述了一个关于他逝去青春的悲伤故事。
After the rain, he felt a sudden melancholy about his childhood.
雨后,他突然对童年感到一阵忧郁。
The old song always brings a sense of melancholy to her heart.
那首老歌总是让她心中涌起一丝忧郁。
常见误用提醒
使用 lugubrious:He felt very lugubrious after the party. → He looked very lugubrious after the party. (lugubrious 通常描述外在表现(如表情、语调),而不是内在感受;应用 look 或 appear 等动词。)
使用 lugubrious:The movie was lugubrious and happy. → The movie was lugubrious and melancholic. (lugubrious 意为忧郁的,与 happy(快乐的)矛盾;应使用近义词如 melancholic 保持语义一致。)
使用 melancholy:I have a melancholy yesterday. → I felt melancholy yesterday. (melancholy 作名词时不可数,不能与不定冠词 a 连用表示具体事件;应改用动词 feel 或 sense 搭配,或使用形容词形式。)