词汇对比与辨析
核心差别
vindictive 强调形容人怀有强烈的报复心，vengeful 则侧重形容一个人或行为具有强烈的复仇欲望
使用场景对比
| 对比方面 | vindictive | vengeful |
|---|---|---|
| 核心含义 | 形容人怀有强烈的报复心，倾向于因怨恨或不满而寻求惩罚或伤害他人。 | 形容一个人或行为具有强烈的复仇欲望，常因受到伤害或委屈而产生报复心理。 |
| 词性 | 形容词 | 形容词 |
| 使用语域 | 通常用作定语或表语，描述人的性格或行为，常与表示人的名词或代词连用，强调报复性的动机。 | vengeful 通常用作定语形容词，修饰名词如 person、act、nature 等，描述人或行为的报复性特征。 |
对比例句
After losing the game, he became vindictive and refused to speak to his teammates.
输掉比赛后，他变得怀恨在心，拒绝和队友说话。
She felt vindictive towards her ex-boyfriend for cheating on her.
她对前男友出轨的行为怀有报复心。
After the argument, she felt vengeful and wanted to get back at him.
争吵之后，她心怀报复，想对他进行反击。
He became vengeful when his friend betrayed his trust.
当朋友背叛了他的信任时，他变得报复心很强。
常见误用提醒
使用 vindictive：He is very vindictive to help others. → He is very vindictive towards others. (错误：误用“to help”表示对象，但“vindictive”描述报复心态，应用介词“towards”或“against”指向目标。正确用法强调针对他人的报复倾向。)
使用 vindictive：She felt vindictive because she was happy. → She felt vindictive because she was wronged. (错误：逻辑矛盾，“vindictive”源于负面事件如伤害或背叛，而非快乐。正确用法需基于合理原因，如受委屈或怨恨。)
使用 vengeful：He is very vengeful to his boss. → He is very vengeful towards his boss. (vengeful 通常与介词 towards 或 against 搭配，表示针对某人，而不是用 to。)