arduous
用法要点
句型搭配
通常用作定语修饰名词，如 arduous task/journey/process，或作表语与系动词连用，如 The climb was arduous.
介词用法
常与介词 for 连用，表示对某人来说很费力，如 arduous for beginners；也可与 in 连用，描述在某个方面费力，如 arduous in execution.
语域说明
多用于正式或书面语境，描述需要持续努力或体力的困难情境，日常口语中较少使用，可用 hard 或 difficult 替代。
基础例句
The hike up the mountain was arduous, but the view from the top was worth it.
爬山很费力，但山顶的景色值得这一切。
Learning a new language can be an arduous process, especially for adults.
学习一门新语言可能是个费力的过程，尤其对成年人来说。
She found the marathon training arduous, but she stuck with it and finished the race.
她觉得马拉松训练很艰苦，但她坚持下来并完成了比赛。
Moving to a new city alone was an arduous experience for him.
独自搬到新城市对他来说是一次费力的经历。
高级例句
The research project involved an arduous data collection phase that lasted over two years.
这个研究项目包含了一个持续两年多的费力数据收集阶段。
Negotiating the trade agreement was an arduous task due to conflicting interests among the parties.
由于各方利益冲突，谈判贸易协定是一项艰巨的任务。
The company faced arduous challenges in adapting to the new regulatory environment.
公司在适应新的监管环境时面临着艰巨的挑战。
Completing the audit required an arduous review of thousands of financial documents.
完成审计需要对成千上万的财务文件进行费力的审查。
高频搭配
verb
adjective
noun
adverb
preposition
phrase
常见错误
arduous 是形容词，直接作表语，不需要加 -ly 变成副词。正确用法是 The work is arduous，表示工作很费力。
arduous 通常描述需要体力或持续努力的任务或过程，不常用于形容快速的决定。difficult 更合适，表示困难的决定。
近义词辨析
difficult
difficult 更通用，指任何有挑战性的事情；arduous 强调需要持续努力或体力，常带有艰苦、费劲的意味。
The math problem was difficult (挑战性高). The mountain climb was arduous (需要持续体力努力).
strenuous
strenuous 侧重体力上的剧烈或高强度；arduous 更广泛，可指体力或脑力上的费力过程，常暗示时间长或挑战大。
Strenuous exercise (高强度运动). An arduous negotiation (费力的谈判，可能涉及脑力和时间).