penalty
用法要点
句型搭配
常用句型包括 'impose a penalty on'(对...施加处罚)、'pay a penalty for'(为...支付罚款)和 'face a penalty'(面临处罚),这些结构强调处罚的施加、接受或面对过程。
介词用法
与介词 'for' 连用表示处罚的原因(如 penalty for speeding),与 'on' 连用表示处罚的对象(如 penalty on the offender),在体育中常用 'from' 表示罚球位置(如 penalty from the spot)。
语域说明
penalty 是正式用语,常见于法律、体育、商务和学术语境;在非正式口语中,可能用 'fine' 或 'punishment' 替代,但 penalty 更强调规则性后果。
基础例句
If you park here, you'll get a penalty ticket from the traffic police.
如果你把车停在这里,交警会给你开罚单。
He received a penalty for speeding on the highway last week.
他上周在高速公路上超速行驶,收到了处罚。
In soccer, a penalty kick is awarded for a foul inside the penalty area.
在足球比赛中,禁区内犯规会被判罚点球。
高级例句
The contract includes a penalty clause for late delivery, which may result in significant financial losses.
合同中包含延迟交货的违约金条款,可能导致重大财务损失。
Governments often impose environmental penalties on companies that violate pollution regulations.
政府通常会对违反污染法规的公司施加环境处罚。
In economic theory, high taxes can act as a penalty on productivity, reducing overall output.
在经济理论中,高税收可能对生产力产生惩罚效应,降低总产出。
高频搭配
verb
adjective
noun
adverb
preposition
phrase
常见错误
penalty 通常指正式或规则性的处罚(如法律、体育),而 punishment 更通用,可用于非正式场合如家庭或学校;这里用 punishment 更合适。
表示处罚的原因时,应用介词 'for' 而不是 'of';'penalty for' 是固定搭配,指因某事而受罚。
近义词辨析
fine
fine 特指金钱处罚,通常较轻微,如交通罚款;而 penalty 含义更广,可包括非金钱处罚如刑罚或体育罚球。
He paid a fine for littering (强调金钱处罚), but the penalty for fraud could be imprisonment (包括更严重的后果)。
punishment
punishment 是通用词,泛指任何处罚,常用于道德或教育语境;penalty 更正式,强调基于规则或法律的后果,如合同或体育规则。
The punishment for cheating was detention (通用处罚), while the penalty in the game was a free throw (规则性处罚)。