surname

美 { "us": "", "uk": "" }
英 { "us": "", "uk": "" }
数据源: ai_enrichment
surname 指一个人的家族姓氏,常用于正式场合或区分同名者,也可作动词表示给某人起姓或绰号。

用法要点

句型搭配

surname 作为名词时,常与动词 have、use、share 等搭配,表示拥有或使用姓氏;作为动词时,后接宾语表示给某人起姓。

• have the surname Smith
• use a different surname
• surname someone after their father

介词用法

surname 常与介词 by 连用表示通过姓氏识别,如 by surname;在正式文件中,of 用于表示姓氏归属,如 the surname of the applicant。

• identify by surname
• the surname of the family
• listed under her surname

语域说明

surname 在正式和书面语中更常见,如法律、学术或官方文件;日常口语中,last name 或 family name 更常用,尤其在美式英语中。

• formal: surname on the document
• informal: What's your last name?
• business: Please provide your surname

基础例句

What's your surname? I need it for the registration form.

你姓什么?我需要填在登记表上。

My surname is Chen, and my given name is Wei.

我姓陈,名字是伟。

They share the same surname because they're from the same family.

他们同姓,因为来自同一个家族。

In some cultures, women change their surname after marriage.

在一些文化中,女性婚后会改姓。

高级例句

The study analyzed surname distribution to trace migration patterns in historical Europe.

这项研究通过分析姓氏分布来追溯历史上欧洲的迁移模式。

Please ensure your surname is correctly spelled on all official documents to avoid legal issues.

请确保在所有官方文件上你的姓氏拼写正确,以避免法律问题。

In genealogical research, surnames can provide clues about ancestral origins and social status.

在家谱研究中,姓氏可以提供关于祖先起源和社会地位的线索。

The contract requires both parties to list their full names, including surname and given name, for identification.

合同要求双方列出全名,包括姓和名,以便识别。

高频搭配

verb

have a surnamechange one's surnameuse a surnameshare a surnameadopt a surname

adjective

common surnamedouble surnamemaiden surnameoriginal surnameunusual surname

noun

family surnamemother's surnamefather's surnamesurname historysurname origin

preposition

by surnameunder a surnameof surnamewith the surname

phrase

surname firstsurname and given namesurname at birthsurname in full

常见错误

❌ 错误:My surname name is Li.
✓ 正确:My surname is Li.

surname 本身已表示“姓”,无需再加 name;直接说 surname 或 last name 即可,避免冗余。

❌ 错误:I surname Wang.
✓ 正确:My surname is Wang.

surname 作动词时意为“给...起姓”,不用于表达自己的姓;应用名词形式,如 My surname is... 或 I am surnamed Wang(较少用)。

近义词辨析

last name

last name 更口语化,尤其在美式英语中常用,指姓名中的最后部分;surname 更正式,强调家族传承,在全球英语中通用。

In the US, people often say 'last name' on forms, while 'surname' is preferred in British English for official purposes.

family name

family name 强调姓氏的家族属性,与 given name 相对;surname 更中性,可用于各种语境,包括法律和学术。

In many Asian countries, the family name comes first, but in English contexts, surname is used interchangeably with last name.